Urine Specific Gravity test procedure: Normal Range, Increase, Decrease

What is Urine specific gravity? Why Specific Concentration of Urine is Tested?

This test is done to see the concentration of all the chemical  present in the urine chemicals.

Another name of Specific gravity is Urine Density.

Normal range:

Normal specific gravity of urine is 1010 to 1020

Specific Gravity of urine test procedur:

Specific gravity of urine is tested with the help of instrument called Urinometer.

1. Urine should be taken up to 3/4 part of the tube of urinometer.
2. Now you have to leave the Urinometer in the tube.
3. The rounded end of the urinometer will drown the urine.
4. The edge that will be floating will be the cut edge.
5. The specific gravity of the urine is the number that will remain immersed in the urine as far as the spots of the Urinometer.
6. Make sure that the heavy part at the bottom of the urinometer touches the bottom of the tube If not.

Chemical Examination of urine specific gravity:

Reaction method:

1. Urine reactions are usually acidic.
2. If the blue litmus paper is dipped in the urine and becomes red or reddish, then the reaction acidic should be written in the report.
3. If red litmus is dipped in urine, then the reaction becomes alkaline.

Abnormal Results due to:

urine specific gravity Increased  due to different conditions such as: If Adrenal glands failure to produce enough hormones (in the Condition of Addison disease)

• Due Heart failure
• In the blood- (High sodium level )
• Dehydration- (Due to loss of body fluids)
•  Renal artery stenosis due to narrowing of the kidney artery
• Due to Shock
• Pass Sugar (glucose) with the urine
• SIADH (Syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion)

Reason to decreased urine specific gravity in urine:

• Renal tubular necrosis
• Diabetes insipidus
• Too much fluid Drinking
• Due to Failure of Kidney 
• Decrease sodium level in blood
• Pyelonephritis (Severe kidney infection)